CHANGEMENTS ORTHOGRAPHIQUES DANS LES VERBES DU 1er GROUPE

 

 

 

VERBES EN –CER

VERBES EN –ETER (ETT)

VERBES EN –GER

VERBES EN –ETER (ÈT)

VERBES EN -E[ ]ER

VERBES EN –AYER

VERBES EN -É[ ]ER

VERBES EN -OYER ET -UYER

VERBES EN –ELER (ELL)

LE VERBE GRASSEYER

VERBES EN –ELER (ÈL)

 

 

 

 

VERBES EN –CER

c è ç devant a et o

 

bercer

berce, berces, berce, berçons, bercez, bercent

 

bercerai, berceras, bercera, bercerons, bercerez, berceront

 

berçais, berçais, berçait, bercions, berciez, berçaient

 

 

acquiescer à

to acquiesce to (request), to approve, to assent to (proposal)

agacer

to irritate, to get on sb’s nerves, to tease, to excite, to lead on

agencer

to put together (elements), to hamonize (colors), to arrange (room)

amorcer

to start (works), to begin (negotiations), to bait (trap, hook), to prime (pump), to initiate (reforms)

annoncer

to announce (news, marriage)

annoncer, s’

to be on its way [winter]

autofinancer, s’

to be self-financing

avancer

to advance (date, explanation), to gain [watch], to move forward (head), to put forward (opinion), to lend (money), to make progress

avancer, s’

to come forward

balancer

to balance (account), to swing (leg, baby), to toss out (old things), to hesitate [heart]

balancer, se

to swing (on a swing), to swing (arm)

balancer de, se

not to care about

bercer

to rock (baby), to cradle (a child in the arms)

bercer, se

to rock (in a rocking chair)

bercer d’illusions, se

to delude o.s., to harbor illusions

coincer

to pinch (robber), to corner (candidate), to embarrass sb

coincer, se

to get stuck, to jam

commencer

to begin (work)

commencer à

to begin to

commencer par

to begin with sth

commercer avec

to trade with

concurrencer

to compete with

contrebalancer

to counterbalance (weight), to offset (inconveniences)

contrebalancer, s’en

not to give a darn abou it

décoincer

to unjam (drawer), to remove the wedge from sth

décontenancer

to disconcert, to upset the composure of sb, to discountenance

dédicacer

to sign (book), to autograph (picture)

défoncer

to smash open (door), to stave in (fence)

défoncer, se

to work like a dog

déglacer

to remove the ice from (surface), to melt the ice on (road), to remove the glaze from (paper)

délacer

to undo the laces of (shoes), to unlace (corset)

délacer, se

to come undone [shoes], to come unlaced [corset]

dénoncer

to denounce (treaty), to repudiate (treaty), to expose (abuses)

dénoncer à

to give away to (police)

dépecer

to cut up (animal), to carve up (territory)

déplacer

to move (object), to displace (water), to shift the emphasis of (problem)

déplacer, se

to walk, to move, to travel, to displace [a joint]

désamorcer

to defuse (bomb, crisis), to drain (pump), to remove the primer from (mine, gun), to nip in the bud (plot)

devancer

to get ahead of (runner, rival), to be ahead of, to arrive ahead of, to anticipate (question)

distancer

to outdistance (runner), to outrun (pursuer), to leave behind

divorcer

to divorce

divorcer d’avec qn

to divorce sb

effacer

to erase (mark, word), to clean (blackboard), delete (word), to efface (memory)

effacer, s’

to fade [color], to wear away [inscription], to hide, keep in the background

efforcer de, s’

to try hard to

émincer

to cut into thin slices (meat, onion)

enfoncer

to hammer in (nail), to drive in (stake), to stick in (pin), to thrust into (knife), to pull down (hat), to break open (door)

enfoncer, s’

to give way [ground]

enfoncer dans, s’

to sink into (snow, armchair)

enlacer

to hug, to embrace

enlacer, s’

to hug each other [lovers], to be intertwined [branches], to be entwined [lianas]

énoncer

to express (idea), to state (condition)

énoncer, s’

to be expressed [idea]

ensemencer

to sow (field), to stock with young fish (lake)

entrelacer

to interlace, to intertwine

entrelacer, s’

to become intertwined, to become interlaced

épicer

to spice (food), to add spice to (story)

espacer

to space out (objects, visits, lines)

espacer, s’

to become less frequent [visits]

évincer de

to oust from (opponent), to supplant, to take the place of

évincer

to evict (tenant)

exaucer

to grant (wish), to fulfil (prayer), to answer sb’s prayer

exercer

to exercise (judgment, power, right), to tax (patience), to exert (pressure), to practise (profession), to fulfil (function)

exercer, s’

to practise [athlete, musician]

fiancer avec, à, se

to get engaged to

financer

to finance (company)

foncer dans

to charge into (crowd)

foncer sur

to charge at (enemy, pedestrian)

forcer

to force open (lock), to strain (voice), to command (respect)

forcer qn à faire qqch

to force sb to do sth

forcer, se

to make an effort

forcer à faire qqch, se

to force o.s. to do sth

froncer

to gather (skirt), froncer les sourcils to frown one’s brows

glacer

to ice (cake), to glaze (paper), to freeze with a look (sb)

grimacer

to make faces, grimacer de douleur, de dégoût to grimace from pain, from disgust

grincer

to creak [floor], to grate [metal]

grincer des dents

to gnash, grind one’s teeth

immiscer dans, s’

to interfere in (sb’s private life)

influencer

to influence (person, decision, choice)

lacer

to tie, do up (shoes), to lace (corset)

lancer

to throw (ball, bomb), to start (new fashion), to launch (product, missile), to start up (business), to retort

lancer à l’assaut, se

to launch an assault

lancer dans, se

to embark on (discussion, expenses, politics, business)

manigancer

to scheme, to contrive, to plan in a deceitful way

matricer

to stamp out (metal)

menacer qn de

to threaten sb with (death, gun), to menace (nation)

nuancer

to qualify (opinion, statement), to shade (painting)

ordonnancer

to authorize a public expenditure

percer

to drill a hole in, to build (tunnel), to pierce (ear), to make a name for o.s., to penetrate (mystery), to uncover (plot), percer ses dents to cut one’s teeth

pincer

to pinch, to catch (robber)

pincer, se

to nip (one’s finger), to purse (one’s lips), to hold (one’s nose)

placer

to place (sb), to find a job for (sb), to seat (guest), to get in (word), to place (money), to invest (money), to land (punch)

placer, se

to take up a position, to find a job, to stand

poncer

to sand (wood), to sandpaper

préfacer

to preface (book)

prononcer

to pronounce (word, name), to deliver (speech, verdict), to utter (word)

prononcer, se

to reach a decision, to reach a verdict, to pronounce o.s.

rapiécer

to patch (clothe, tire), to repair (shoes)

réamorcer

to begin again (negotiations)

recommencer

to start over again (work, life), to commit again (error), to resume (work, discussions)

recommencer à faire

to start to do again

réensemencer

to sow again (field), to stock again with young fish (lake)

relancer

to throw back again (ball), to restart (motor), to revitalize (economy), to revive (project, idea), to boost (industry)

remplacer

to replace (old thing, faulty part), to relieve (sentry), to substitute for (injured player)

renfoncer

to pull down further (hat), to indent (line), to knock further in (nail), to push further in (knob)

renforcer

to reinforce (beam, wall, fears), to back up (assertion), to strengthen (team, army)

renforcer, se

to become stronger

renoncer à

to renounce (title), to give up (habit, right)

renoncer à faire

to abandon the idea of doing

renoncer à toute prétention

to abandon any claim

repercer

to drill a hole again, to pierce again (ear)

replacer

to put back in its place, to find a new job for (employee)

replacer, se

to find a new job

ressourcer, se

to find new knowledge or psychological strength

retracer

to draw again (erased line), to retrace (story), to relate (events)

rincer

to rinse (glass, plate)

rinser, se

to rinse (one’s mouth)

rinser l’œil, se

to get an eyeful

romancer

to romanticize (history, biography), to embellish (tale), to make into a fiction (event)

saucer

to dip in the sauce (bread), saucer son assiette avec du pain, to wipe the sauce off a plate with bread

semoncer

to reprimand, to scold at length

sucer

to suck (sweet, pipe)

sucer, se

to suck (one’s thumb)

tracer

to draw (line), to open up (road), to mark out (trail)

tracer le chemin à qn

to show sb the way

transpercer

to pierce (with blade), to transfix (with sword), to go through (with bullet)

verglacer

il verglace = it’s icy

violacer

to make purple

violacer, se

to turn purple

 

 

VERBES EN –GER

g è ge devant a et o

 

manger

mange, manges, mange, mangeons, mangez, mangent

 

mangerai, mangeras, mangera, mangerons, mangerez, mangeront

 

mangeais, mangeais, mangeait, mangions, mangiez, mangeaient

 

 

abréger

to abbreviate (word), to shorten (word, life), to cut short (suffering)

abroger

to abrogate (law, clause, rule), to repeal, to abolish

adjuger

to award (at an auction), to give (reward)

adjuger, s’

to take for o.s. [the best of sth]

affliger qn

to make sb sad, to grieve sb, to afflict sb

affliger de qch, s’

to be grieved about sth, to grieve at sth, to grieve over sth

agréger

to aggregate (particles)

agréger qn à un groupe

to incorporate sb into a group

agréger à un groupe, s’

to incorporate o.s. into a group

alléger

to make lighter (luggage), to lighten (weight, school syllabus), to alleviate (pain)

allonger

to lengthen (dress, vowel), to make longer (dress), to stretch out (arm), to grow longer [days], to prolong (conversation), to crane (neck)

allonger, s’

to lie down (on the grass), to drag on [visit, speech], to get longer [days]

aménager

to fit out (room, park), to supply with what is necessary, to plan (schedule), to develop (territory)

aménager qch en

to fit out sth as sth else, to convert sth into sth else

arranger

to arrange (flowers, room), to straighten up (necktie), to settle (disagreement), to fix (car), to fix in advance (wrestling match)

arranger, s’

to tidy up (one’s hair)

arranger avec qn, s’

to sort it out with sb

arranger pour, s’

to see to it that

arroger, s’

to claim falsely (title), to assume without right (powers)

asperger

to spray (surface, person), to splash (pedestrian)

asperger d’eau, s’

to splash o.s. with water (face, arms)

assiéger

to besiege (city), to mob (store)

avantager

to favor often at the expense of sb else (a daughter)

bouger

to move, to move (head, object)

bouger, se

to move

changer

to change (meaning, child)

changer de

to change (shirt, car, train, gear, position, sides, hands), changer de place avec qn to change place with sb

changer en

to change into (sth else)

changer, se

to change (one’s clothes)

charger

to load (gun, battery), to charge (enemy)

charger qn de

to load sb with (parcels), to burden sb with (taxes), to charge sb with (crime)

charger qn de faire

to give sb the responsibility of doing

charger de, se

to take care of (task, children)

charger de faire, se

to undertake to do

colliger

to collect and compare (short stories, reports)

converger

to converge [roads, lines], to lead towards (same solution)

corriger

to correct (error, vision), to punish (child), to read (proofs), to remedy (abuses), to mark (exam)

corriger de, se

to rid o.s. of (habit)

décharger

to unload (luggage, firearm), to unburden (conscience), to relieve of (responsibility)

décourager

to discourage (sb), to deter (wrongdoers)

décourager, se

to become discourage

décharger de, se

to pass off (one’s responsibilities)

dédommager qn d’une perte

to compensate sb for a loss

dédommager, se

to repay o.s.

dégager

to disclaim (any responsibility), to free (injured person), to clear (place), to clear downfield (ball), to give off [smoke, smell, heat], to draw (conclusions)

dégager qn de

to free sb from (obligation, promise, wreckage)

dégager, se

to clear up [sky], to come off [gas, odor]

dégager de, se

to free o.s. from (obligation, prejudices)

dégorger

to clear out (sink), to soak (meat), to overfow [gutter, stram]

dégorger dans, se

to flow into (river)

déloger

to dislodge (enemy), to drive out, to throw out (tenant), to start (hare)

démanger

to itch [leg, arm], la langue me démange I’m dying to speak

déménager

to move (to change one’s place of residence), to move (furniture)

déneiger

to clear the snow from (road)

départager deux opinions

to choose between two opinions

départager les votes

to give the casting vote (deciding vote cast by the presiding officer when the voting on both sides is equal)

déranger

to disturb (sb, mind), to bother (sb), to upset (stomach, project)

déranger, se

to trouble o.s., to go out of one’s way, to get out of order [machine], to become deranged [mind]

déroger à

to depart from (rules, custom), to go against (established order)

désagréger

to break up, disintegrate

désagréger, se

to disintegrate [rock], to break up

désavantager

to affect unfavourably (sb, troops)

désengager

to disengage (pulley)

désengager qn de

to free sb from (obligation)

désengager de, se

to free o.s. from (obligation)

désengorger

to unblock (pipe)

dévisager

to stare at (sb), to look hard at (sb)

diriger

to lead (country), to manage (business, team), to direct (traffic), to steer (car, horse), to run (one’s affairs), to guide (student, policy), to conduct (orchestra)

diriger sur

to aim at (firearm), to turn on (one’s attention), to shine on (light)

diriger vers, se

to head for (door), to specialize in (accounting)

diverger de

to differ (opinion)

diverger

to diverge [paths, lines], to go in different directions

échanger

to exchange (blows, gifts, glances, words), to swap (stamps, hockey cards)

échanger une chose contre une autre

to exchange one thing for another

égorger

to cut the throat of (sb), to fleece (customers)

égorger, s’

to slit each other’s throats

émarger

to initial in the margin (document)

émarger à un budget

to receive a certain sum out of a budget

emménager

to move in

emménager dans

to move into (apartment)

encager

to cage (bird), to cage up (sb)

encourager

to encourage

encourager qn à faire qqch

to encourage sb to do sth

endommager

to damage (car, crops)

engager

to hire (employee), to give (one’s word), to insert (key in lock), to enter into (negotiations), to start up (conversation), to bind (sb), to institute (proceedings)

engager, s’

to commit o.s., to begin [battle], to get under way [discussion]

engager dans, s’

to enter into (discussion), to become involved in (business)

engorger

to glut (market), to block (pipe), to engorge (blood vessel)

engorger, s’

to become clogged [pipe]

engranger

to get in (hay, corn), to garner, to store up

ennuager, s’

to cloud over [sky]

enrager de faire

to be furious to do

enrager, faire

to irritate sb

entre-égorger (s’)

to cut each other’s throats, to cut one another’s throats

envisager

to view (future), to envisage (situation), to form an image of in the mind

envisager de faire

to be thinking of doing

éponger

to sponge (liquid), to absorb (debt)

éponger, s’

to mop (one’s forehead, face)

ériger

to erect (building, statue)

ériger en, s’

to set o.s. as (master)

exiger

to demand (downpayment, silence), to require (repairs)

expurger

to expurgate (book), to remove passages considered obscene, objectionable

figer

to congeal [gelatine, oil]

figer, se

to congeal [sauce, oil], to freeze [blood, smile]

forger

to forge (bonds), to coin (word), to make up (story, excuse)

forger, se

to make up (excuse), to build up (illusions)

fustiger

to denounce (opponents), to criticize strongly

gager

to guarantee (loan), to bet (archaic or regional)

gager que

to wager that, to bet that

gruger

to dupe (sb), to gnaw at (bone, dry bread, cheese), to wear away bit by bit

héberger

to lodge (sb), to give shelter to (victims), to accommodate (tourists)

ignifuger

to fireproof (building)

immerger

to immerse (object), to lay under water (cable), to immerse (baptize by dipping under water)

immerger, s’

to submerge [submarine], to dive

infliger à qn

to inflict on sb (penalty, fine, torture), to impose on sb (fine, presence)

insurger contre, s’

to rebel against (government, any autority)

interroger

to test orally (pupil), to interrogate (witness), to poll (sb)

interoger sur qch, s’

to question o.s. about sth

jauger

to gauge (public opinion), to measure the capacity of (tank), to measure the tonnage of (ship), to have a capacity of [ship]

jauger qn

to gauge sb’s capacity

juger

to judge (people), to try (accused), to arbitrate (dispute)

juger, se

to judge o.s.

limoger

to dismiss (public servant)

loger

to accommodate (tourists), to lodge

loger dans, se

to lodge o.s. in [bullet]

longer

to border (railway line), to keep close to (walls)

louanger qn

to flatter sb

manger

to eat (solid food, soup), to swallow (one’s words)

manger froid, se

to be eaten cold

mélanger

to mix (papers, ideas, cake)

mélanger, se

to mix [oil and water]

mitiger

to mitigate (effects, punishment, sentence), to make less severe

nager

to swim (in water), nager dans l’opulence to be rolling in money

négliger

to neglect (friends), to disregard (warning), to take no care of (health)

négliger de faire

to neglect to do

négliger, se

to look after one’s appearance

neiger

to snow, to be snowing

obliger qn à faire qch

to force, require, oblige sb to do sth

ombrager

to shade (garden)

outrager

to offend gravely (sb), to outrage (morals)

pacager

to pasture (cattle), to graze (cattle), to graze [cattle], to feed on grass

partager

to share (idea, opinion, heritage, happiness), to divide up (cake)

partager, se

to share (power, work, booty)

patauger

to flounder (in mud), to splash about (in water), to become entangled (in a speech)

piéger

to trap (animal, person), to booby-trap (door)

piger

to get it (to understand), to catch (cold)

piger

(au Québec) to pick (card, name in a hat), to help o.s. from dishes (at the table)

plonger dans

to dive into (water)

plonger dans, se

to bury o.s. in (meditation, studies, reading)

plonger qn dans

to throw sb into (difficult position)

plonger sa main, un couteau dans qch

to plunge one’s hand, a knife into sth

plonger sur

to dive onto (prey, target)

présager

to bode (nothing good), to be a sign of, to be an omen of, to foresee (the worse)

prolonger

to prolong (life, visit), to extend (street)

prolonger, se

to persist [effect]

propager

to spread (news, idea)

propager, se

to spread [idea, news, sickness, fire], to be propagated [wave, light], to propagate [species]

proroger

to prorogue (session of parliament), to extend (time limit), to put back (deadline)

protéger

to protect (person, plant, tradition), to shelter (from cold, wind, sun), to patronize (artist)

protéger de, se

to guard against sth

purger

to purge (person, party, bad elements), to serve (sentence), to flush out (radiator), to bleed (brakes)

purger, se

to purge, to take a purgative

rager

to fume

rallonger

to lengthen (skirt), to make longer (text), to get longer [days], to extend (holiday, table)

ranger

to put away (papers, clothes), to tidy up (drawer), to arrange (room, words in alphabetical order), to park (car)

ranger du côté de qn, se

to side with sb

ranger, se

to park [driver], to step aside [pedestrian], to pull over [car], se ranger par deux to line up in twos

ravager

to devastate (country, crops), to ravage, to make havoc of (vineyards)

réaménager

to fit out again (room, park), to plan again (schedule), to develop again (territory)

réarranger

to rearrange (hair, room, interview)

rechanger

to change again (shirt, car, train, gear, position, sides)

recharger

to recharge (gun, battery), to charge again (enemy)

recorriger

to mark again (exam), to punish again (child), to read again (proofs)

rédiger

to write (article, prescription, will), to compose (speech), to draw up (contract), to compile (dictionary)

réengager

to hire again (employee), to insert again (key in lock), to enter again into (negotiations), to start up again (conversation), to institute again (proceedings)

regorger de

to abound in (courage, fish, wealth), to have an abundance of

reloger

to rehouse (disaster victims)

remanger

to eat again, to have again (chicken, pork)

reneiger

to snow again

rengager

to hire again (employee), to insert again (key in lock), to enter again into (negotiations), to start up again (conversation), to institute again (proceedings)

repartager

to divide up again (work, booty, tasks)

replonger

to dive again [diver], to plunge again [submarine, goalkeeper]

replonger qch dans

to dip again (a spoon into a bowl), to plunge again (a country into war)

replonger dans, se

to go back to (one’s reading, meditation)

ronger

to gnaw (bone, heart), to gnaw at (bone, heart), to eat away, se ronger de chagrin to be tormented with grief, se ronger les ongles to bite one’s nails

saccager

to turn upside down (room), to ransack (house), to sack (city, country)

siéger

to sit (in Parliament), to be in session [court, legislature]

singer

to ape (friend), to imitate clumsily

songer à

to think deeply about (sb or sth), to muse over

songer à faire qch

to think about doing sth

soulager

to relieve (pain, poverty), to ease (conscience), to make feel better (sb)

soulager, se

to ease one’s conscience, to relieve o.s., to relieve nature (bowels or bladder)

submerger

to flood (valley), to submerge (field), submerger qn de travail to inundate sb with work

subroger

to subrogate, substitute one person for another

surcharger

to overload (car, memory, electric circuit), to overcharge (electric circuit), surcharger qn de travail, d’impôts to overburden sb with work, with taxes

surnager

to float on the surface [oil on water], to linger on [memory, feeling]

surprotéger

to overprotect (child)

transiger

to compromise

transiger avec

to come to terms with, to come to an agreement with

urger

to be urgent

vendanger

to harvest (grapes), to press (grapes)

venger

to avenge (insult)

venger, se

to avenge o.s., to have one’s revenge, se venger d’une insulte to take vengeance for an insult

vidanger

to empty (tank, septic tank), to drain (oilpan)

voltiger

to flit about [butterfly, bat, insect, light thing], to flutter about

voyager

to travel

 

 

VERBES EN -E[ ]ER

e è è devant une syllabe muette

-ecer, -emer, -ener, -eper, -eser, -ever, -evrer

 

mener

mène, mènes, mène, menons, menez, mènent

 

mènerai, mèneras, mènera, mènerons, mènerez, mèneront

 

menais, menais, menait, menions, meniez, menaient

 

 

-ecer

clamecer

(rare) to kick the bucket (die)

dépecer

to cut up (animal), to dismember [lion], to carve up, dismember (territory)

 

 

-emer

parsemer de

to sprinkle with, strew with

ressemer

to resow, sow again

ressemer, se

to (re)seed itself

semer

to sow (seeds, discord), to lose (pursuers)

sursemer

to sow over

 

 

-ener

amener

to bring along (sb)

amener, s’

to come along

assener un coup à qn

to deal sb a blow

démener, se

to struggle violently, exert o.s.

désengrener

to disengage (dented wheel)

désengrener, se

to disengage [dented wheel]

égrener

to shell, pod (peas), to shell (corn)

égrener, s’

to drop off the stalk [wheat]

emmener

to take along (sb), to take with you (suitcase)

engrener

to engage (dented wheel)

engrener dans, s’

to mesh with, gear into [dented wheel]

gangrener, se

to gangrene [limb]

grener

to granulate (salt, sugar), to seed [plant]

halener

(lit.) to blow [wind], to scent [dog] (hunted animal)

malmener

to handle roughly (sb), to give a rough time to (opponent)

mener

to lead (men), to chair (discussion), to run (country), to lead (sports) [team], mener les choses rondement to manage things efficiently

promener

to walk (dog), to show round a town (friends)

promener, se

to walk, to wander [fingers]

ramener

to bring back (children, bread)

ramener qn en voiture

to drive sb back

ramener à, se

to come down to [problem], to reduce to [fraction]

remmener qn à pied

to walk sb back

remmener qn chez lui

to take sb back home

remmener qn en voiture

to drive sb back

rengrener

to engage again (dented wheel)

rengrener, se

to engage again, mesh again [dented wheel]

surmener

to overwork (sb, animal)

surmener, se

to overwork

 

 

-eper

receper

to cut a vine stock near the ground

 

 

-eser

empeser

to starch

peser

to weigh (object, sb), to weigh up (pros and cons), to hang over [accusation], peser dans la balance to carry weight

peser, se

to weigh o.s.

soupeser

to weigh in one’s hand(s), feel the weight of (suitcase), to weight up (arguments)

 

 

-ever

achever

to finish, end (meal), to finish off (opponent)

achever, s’

to come to an end, draw to a close [life, day, program]

crever

to burst (balloon), to puncture (tire), crever d’envie de faire qch to be dying to do sth, crever l’écran to have tremendous presence on the screen [actor]

dégrever

to reduce the tax(es) on (products), to grant tax relief to (taxpayer), to reduce the tax burden on (industry), to disencumber (building)

élever

to bring up, raise (children), to breed, rear (cattle), to put up (wall), raise (objections, prices, voice)

élever, s’

to rise [temperature, mountain]

élever à, s’

to rise to [losses]

enlever

to remove (cover, price tag), to take off (clothes), to kidnap (child)

enlever, s’

to come out, come off [stain], to peel off, come off [paint], s’enlever comme des petits pains chauds to be selling like hot cakes

grever

to burden (economy), to put a strain on (budget)

lever

to lift (object), to raise (head, hand, arm, one’s glass), to remove (obstacle), to close (session, meeting), to levy (taxes), to come up [wheat, plant], lever le voile sur to reveal the truth about

lever, se

to get up

parachever

to perfect, put the finishing touch to

prélever

to take (sample, blood), to deduct (amount)

relever

to help back up (sb), to stand up again (piece of furniture), to add seasoning to (sauce), to relieve (sentry)

relever de

to be the product of (imagination)

relever qn de ses fonctions

to relieve sb of his or her duties

relever, se

to get back on one’s feet

soulever

to lift up (curtain), to stir up (public opinion), to arouse (anger), to raise (problem)

soulever, se

to lift o.s. up, to rise up [rebels], to swell up [sea]

surélever

to add a floor to (house)

 

 

-evrer

sevrer

to wean (infant, young animal)

sevrer qn de qch

to deprive sb of sth

 

 

VERBES EN -É[ ]ER

é è è devant une syllabe muette

(sauf à l’indicatif futur et au conditionnel présent)

‑ébrer, ‑écer, ‑écher, ‑écrer, ‑ger, ‑égler, ‑égner, ‑égrer, ‑éler, ‑émer, ‑éner, ‑érer, ‑éser, ‑éter, ‑étrer

 

 

espérer

espère, espères, espère, espérons, espérez, espèrent

 

espérerai, espéreras, espérera, espérerons, espérerez, espéreront

 

espérais, espérais, espérait, espérions, espériez, espéraient

 

 

protéger

protège, protèges, protège, protégeons, protégez, protègent

 

protégerai, protégeras, protégera, protégerons, protégerez, protégeront

 

protégeais, protégeais, protégeait, protégions, protégiez, protégeaient

 

 

-ébrer

célébrer

to celebrate (anniversary), to hold (ceremony)

concélébrer

to celebrate together (mass)

 

 

-écer

rapiécer

to patch (clothes)

 

 

-écher

allécher

to tempt, make one’s mouth water

assécher

to dry, to drain (land)

assécher, s’

to dry

dessécher

to dry out, parch (leaves, skin)

dessécher, se

to dry out, to become parched [leaves, skin, lips]

ébrécher

to chip, nick (plate, knife)

flécher

to arrow, mark with arrows (course)

lécher

to lick

lécher, se

to lick (one’s fingers)

pécher

to sin, err

pourlécher les babines, se

to lick one’s lips

sécher

to dry (one’s tears)

sécher, se

to dry o.s.

 

 

-écrer

exécrer

to execrate, abhor, loathe

 

 

-éder

accéder à

to attain (independence), to accede to (throne), to grant (request)

céder

to yield [branch], to give up (turn), to give way [ice], to sell (property)

céder à

to yield to (temptation, anger)

concéder

to concede (point), to grant (right)

coposséder

to own jointly

décéder

to decease, die

déposséder de

to dispossess of (land), to deprive of (goods)

excéder

to exceed, to be greater than, to overstep (power)

intercéder en faveur de

to intercede on behalf of

obséder

to obsess (remorse, boredom), to haunt (memory)

posséder

to possess, to own (house), to hold (diploma), to know inside out (language), to have (experience)

posséder, ne plus se

to lose self-control

précéder

to precede, to come before

procéder

to proceed

procéder au vote

to take a vote

procéder de

to come from

recéder

to give back, to sell back

rétrocéder

to retrocede (territory), to cede back, give back

succéder à

to succeed (king), to come after

succéder, se

to succeed one another, to follow one another

 

 

-éger

abréger

to shorten (text), to abbreviate (word), to cut short (suffering)

alléger

to lighten (weight), to make lighter (luggage), to relieve (pain)

assiéger

to besiege (city), to mob (store)

désagréger, se

to desintegrate [rock]

piéger

to trap (animal), to booby-trap (door, vehicle)

protéger

to protect (plants, property, person)

siéger

to sit, to be in session [court, legislature]

surprotéger

to overprotect (child)

 

 

-égler

dérégler

to put out of order (machine), to upset (stomach), to unsettle (mind)

dérégler, se

to go wrong [machine, mechanism], to become upset [stomach], to become unsettled [mind]

régler

to settle (conflict, problem), to pay up (debt, bill), to adjust (machine), to tune (motor)

 

 

-égner

imprégner de

to impregnate with (odor, liquid), to imbue (mind)

imprégner de, s’

to become impregnated with (liquid, odor)

régner

to reign (on the throne), to prevail (silence, peace)

régner sur

to rule over

 

 

-égrer

désintégrer

to split up, break up (group, rock), to split (atom)

désintégrer, se

to split up [group], to self-destruct [rocket], to disintegrate [rock]

intégrer

to integrate (ideas, person)

intégrer, s’

to become integrated [person]

intégrer dans, s’

to fit into (room)

réintégrer qn dans ses fonctions

to reinstate sb in one’s job

réintégrer le domicile conjugal

to return to the marital home

 

 

-éguer

alléguer

to allege, to put forward (excuse)

déléguer

to delegate (powers, person)

léguer

to bequeath (in one’s will), to pass on (tradition)

reléguer au second plan

to relegate to a position of secondary importance

 

 

-éler

corréler

to correlate

héler

to hail (taxi), to call (porter)

révéler

to reveal (secret, plans)

révéler, se

to prove to be

 

 

-émer

blasphémer

to blaspheme, swear

crémer

to cream

écrémer

to skim (milk), to cream (milk)

 

 

-éner

aliéner

to alienate (rights), to give up (freedom), to dispose of (property)

aliéner, s’

to estrange (friend)

gléner

to coil (rope)

hydrogéner

to hydrogenate (coal)

oxygéner

to oxygenate (water)

oxygéner, s’

to take fresh air

refréner

to curb (impatience), to bridle (emotions), to restrain (excitement)

 

 

-éper

recéper

to cut a vine stock near the ground

 

 

-érer

accélérer

to accelerate, to speed up (pace)

accélérer, s’

to quicken [pulse]

adhérer à

to adhere to (viewpoint), to join (party), to grip [tire] (road)

aérer

to lighten (text), to air (room)

aérer, s’

to take fresh air

agglomérer

to compress (wood)

agglomérer, s’

to agglomerate, to pile up, to conglomerate

altérer

to falsify (money), to spoil (food), to impair (relations), to distort (truth)

altérer, s’

to deteriorate [health], to become spoiled [food]

avérer, s’

to prove to be, to turn out to be

cogérer

to manage jointly

commérer

to gossip

confédérer

to confederate

conférer

to give (meaning)

conférer à qn

to confer on sb (dignity)

conférer sur

to confer on (subject), to talk about (subject)

conglomérer

to conglomerate

considérer

to consider

coopérer

to cooperate

déblatérer contre qn

to rail against sb

déférer à la justice

to refer (to court)

dégénérer

to degenerate [race], to deteriorate [quality], to get out of hand [manifestation]

dégénérer en

to develop into (brawl)

délibérer

to deliberate [jury]

délibérer de, sur qch

to ponder (sth)

dépoussiérer

to remove dust from

désaltérer

to quench thirst

désaltérer, se

to quench one’s thirst

désespérer

to drive to despair, to despair, to lose hope

différer

to differ

digérer

to digest (food), to put up with (insult)

empoussiérer

to cover with dust

empoussiérer, s’

to get dusty

énumérer

to enumerate, to list

espérer

to hope

éviscérer

to eviscerate, to disembowel

exagérer

to exaggerate

exaspérer

to exasperate, to infuriate

exonérer

to exempt from (taxes)

fédérer

to federate

fédérer, se

to federate

générer

to generate (linguistics) (sentence)

gérer

to manage

incarcérer

to incarcerate, to imprison

incinérer

to incinerate (wastes), to cremate (corpse)

indifférer

to be indifferent

inférer de

to infer from

ingérer

to ingest (food)

ingérer, s’

to interfere in, to meddle in

insérer

to insert (word, paragraph)

insérer dans, s’

to fit into, to come within

interférer

to interfere

lacérer

to lacerate (face), to tear up (clothes)

légiférer

to legislate

libérer

to release (prisoner), to unblock (way), to unburden (conscience), to free (country)

libérer, se

to free o.s.

macérer

to macerate (meat), to soften by soaking

modérer

to moderate, to reduce (speed), to restrain (expenses)

modérer, se

to calm down, to restrain o.s.

oblitérer

to obliterate (memory), to cancel (stamp), to obstruct (artery)

obtempérer à

to comply with (order), to obey

opérer

to operate on (patient), to carry out (reform)

opérer, s’

to take place [change]

persévérer

to persevere, to persist in

pondérer

to weight (statistical data), to balance (political powers)

préférer

to prefer, to like better

proférer

to utter (insults)

proliférer

to proliferate, to increase rapidly

prospérer

to prosper, to thrive

reconsidérer

to reconsider (offer)

récupérer

to recover (forces), to salvage (wastes), to make up (lost day)

référer à qn, en

to submit a matter to sb

référer à, se

to consult, to refer to

réfrigérer

to refrigerate (food)

régénérer

to regenerate, to grow anew, to revive (forces)

réincarcérer

to imprison again

réinsérer

to insert again

réitérer

to reiterate (order), to repeat (question)

rémunérer

to remunerate, to pay sb

réopérer

to operate again

repérer

to spot (error)

réverbérer, se

to reverberate, to reecho [sound], to reflect [light, heat]

révérer

to revere, to regard with deep respect

suggérer

to suggest (solution)

tempérer

to temper (passions), to ease (pain)

tolérer

to tolerate (penicillin), to put up with (weaknesses), to turn a blind eye to (abuses)

transférer

to transfer (prisoner), to move (office)

translit(t)érer

to transliterate, to write words in corresponding characters of another alphabet

ulcérer qn

to sicken, to hurt morally sb

ulcérer, s’

to ulcerate [wound], to become ulcerous

vénérer

to venerate, to regard with deep respect

vitupérer contre

to vituperate, to rail against sb

vociférer

to vociferate, to shout (insults)

 

 

-éser

aléser

to ream, enlarge (hole)

diéser

to sharpen (note of music)

léser

to wrong (sb), to infringe on (rights), to injure (organ)

 

 

-éter

affréter

to charter (ship), to use in exchange for rent

compléter

to complement (training), to supplement (education), to add to (wardrobe)

compléter, se

to complement one another

décréter

to declare (state of emergency)

décréter que

to decree that

empiéter sur

to encroach on (rights)

excréter

to excrete (urine)

fréter

to charter (ship, plane), to grant use in exchange for rent

inquiéter

to worry, to disturb (sb)

inquiéter de, s’

to worry about

inquiéter, s’

to worry

interpréter

to interpret (text, piece for piano)

péter

to fart, to burst (balloon, pipe), to snap (string)

refléter

to reflect, to throw back (light)

refléter, se

to be reflected

répéter

to repeat (explanation), to rehearse (role)

répéter, se

to repeat o.s., to be repeated

rouspéter

to grouch, to moan, to protest

sécréter

to secrete [gland], to release

téter

to suck (milk), to suck at (breast, pipe)

végéter

to vegetate, to lead a dull and inactive life, to stagnate (business)

 

 

-étrer

chronométrer

to time

kilométrer

to mark with milestones (road)

pénétrer dans

to enter (room, building), to penetrate (smell, smoke)

perpétrer

to perpetrate (crime)

 

 

VERBES EN –ELER

l è ll devant un e muet

 

appeler

appelle, appelles, appelle, appelons, appelez, appellent

 

appellerai, appelleras, appellera, appellerons, appellerez, appelleront

 

appelais, appelais, appelait, appelions, appeliez, appelaient

 

 

amonceler

to pile up (documents), to accumulate (wealth)

amonceler, s’

to pile up [evidence, mail, claims]

appeler

to call

appeler, s’

to be called

atteler

to harness (horse), to hitch up (trailer), to yoke (bull)

atteler à la tâche, s’

to get down to work

bosseler

to dent, emboss

carreler

to tile (floor), to draw squares on (paper)

chanceler

to totter, stagger

craqueler

to crack (china)

craqueler, se

to crack [varnish, earth, earthenware]

débosseler

to smooth out (bodywork of a car)

décarreler

to to take the tiles up from (floor)

déficeler

to untie (parcel)

déficeler, se

to come untied [parcel]

démuseler

to unmuzzle (animal)

déniveler

to make uneven (lot, garden)

denteler

to indent, give a jagged outline (text), to stand in a jagged line [peaks]

dépuceler

to take the virginity of (girl, boy)

désensorceler

to free from a spell

dételer

to unharness (horse), to unyoke (bull), to leave off working

ensorceler

to bewitch, put a spell on (sb)

épeler

to spell (word)

étinceler

to sparkle, glitter

ficeler

to tie up (parcel, prisoner, roast)

fuseler

to shape into a spindle or cone

grumeler, se

to go lumpy [sauce], to curdle [milk]

jumeler

to twin (cities), to join (efforts), to double up (beams)

morceler

to parcel out, divide up (piece of land), to divide up (heritage)

morceler, se

to break up [country, crowd]

museler

to muzzle (animal), to muzzle, silence (sb, press)

nickeler

to nickle-plate

niveler

to level (surface), to level out (fortunes)

rappeler

to call back (sb), to recall (diplomat), to remind

rappeler, se

to remember, recall, recollect

râteler

to rake (gravel), to rake up (leaves)

recarreler

to retile (floor)

reficeler

to tie up again (parcel)

renouveler

to renew (tools, wardrobe, passport, promise), to re-elect (board of directors)

renouveler, se

to be renewed [cells], to change one’s style [writer]

ressemeler

to sole, resole (shoe)

ruisseler

to flow [liquid], run (with water)

 

 

VERBES EN –ELER

e è è devant un e muet

 

peler

pèle, pèles, pèle, pelons, pelez, pèlent

 

pèlerai, pèleras, pèlera, pèlerons, pèlerez, pèleront

 

pelais, pelais, pelait, pelions, peliez, pelaient

 

 

ciseler

to chisel, carve (stone), to chisel (metal), to polish (style)

congeler, se

to freeze

congeler

to freeze, to deep-freeze (food)

déceler

to discover, detect (influence, traces of poison)

décongeler

to defrost, unfreeze

dégeler les mains, se

to warm up one’s hands

dégeler, se

to get o.s. warmed up

dégeler

to thaw, melt (ice), to warm up (sb’s hands)

démanteler

to break up (gang, organization), to bring down (empire), to demolish (fortress), to dismantle (company)

écarteler

to quarter (body)

geler les doigts, se

to freeze one’s fingers

geler

to freeze, ice over [water, lake], to freeze (prices)

harceler

to harass (sb)

marteler

to hammer, pound (object), to hammer out (one’s words)

modeler sur qn, se

to model o.s. on sb

modeler

to model, mould (statue), to mould, shape (character)

peler

to peel (fruit)

receler

to receive (stolen object), to conceal (treasure)

regeler

to freeze again

remodeler

to remodel (face), to reorganize (organization)

surgeler

to deep-freeze, fast-freeze (food)

 

 

VERBES EN –ETER

t è tt devant un e muet

 

jeter

jette, jettes, jette, jetons, jetez, jettent

 

jetterai, jetteras, jettera, jetterons, jetterez, jetteront

 

jetais, jetais, jetait, jetions, jetiez, jetaient

 

 

cacheter

to seal (envelope)

décacheter

to unseal, open (letter), to break open (parcel)

déchiqueter

to shred (paper), to tear to pieces

dépaqueter

to unpack

empaqueter

to pack, wrap up, package

épousseter

to dust, dust off

étiqueter

to label (parcel), to mark (prices), to label, classify (person)

feuilleter

to leaf through (book)

guillemeter

to put in quotes

interjeter appel

to lodge an appeal

jeter

to throw, hurl, fling, throw away

jeter, se

to throw o.s.

pelleter

to shovel, shovel up

projeter

to plan (trip), to project (film, slides), to send out (smoke)

recacheter

to reseal (envelope)

rejeter

to throw back (object), to reject, throw out (bill), to reject, turn down (offer)

rejeter une faute sur qn

to shift the blame onto sb

rejeter, se

to jump back (into the water)

rejeter sur qch, se

to fall back on sth

rempaqueter

to wrap up again, rewrap

riveter

to rivet (two plates together)

 

 

VERBES EN –ETER

e è è devant un e muet

 

acheter

achète, achètes, achète, achetons, achetez, achètent

 

achèterai, achèteras, achètera, achèterons, achèterez, achèteront

 

achetais, achetais, achetait, achetions, achetiez, achetaient

 

 

acheter

to buy, purchase

crocheter

to pick, open with a wire (lock), to crochet (needlework)

fileter

to thread (pipe)

fureter

to nose about, rummage about

haleter

to pant, gasp for breath

racheter

to buy back, repurchase (object owned before), to buy some more (bread), to make amends for (fault)

racheter, se

to make amends [criminal], to redeem o.s. [sinner]

 

 

VERBES EN –AYER

y dans toute la conjugaison

ou y è i devant un e muet

 

payer

paye/paie, payes/paies, paye/paie, payons, payez, payent/paient

 

payerai/paierai, payeras/paieras, payera/paiera, payerons/paierons, payerez/paierez, payeront/paieront

 

 

balayer

to sweep

bayer aux corneilles

to gape at the moon

bégayer

to stammer

déblayer

to clear away

débrayer

to walk out, to desengage the clutch

défrayer

to defray, to pay

délayer

to add water to

effrayer

to frighten

égayer

to cheer up, to enliven

embrayer

to let in the clutch

enrayer

to bring under control (epidemic)

essayer

to try

étayer

to prop up (wall), to support (theory)

frayer

to spawn (fish), to clear (path)

monnayer

to convert into cash

pagayer

to paddle

payer

to pay

rayer

to scratch (glass), to cross out (word)

réessayer

to try again

relayer

to relay (message)

relayer, se

to take it in turns

remblayer

to bank up (road), to fill in (ditch)

repayer

to repay

ressayer

to try again

sous-payer

to underpay

surpayer

to overpay

zézayer

to lisp

 

 

VERBES EN -OYER ET -UYER

y è i devant un e muet

Envoyer et renvoyer ont un futur simple et un conditionnel présent irréguliers.

 

envoyer

envoie, envoies, envoie, envoyons, envoyez, envoient

 

enverrai, enverras, enverra, enverrons, enverrez, enverront

 

envoyais, envoyais, envoyait, envoyions, envoyiez, envoyaient

essuyer

essuie, essuies, essuie, essuyons, essuyez, essuient

 

essuierai, essuieras, essuiera, essuierons, essuierez, essuieront

 

essuyais, essuyais, essuyait, essuyions, essuyiez, essuyaient

 

 

aboyer

to bark

apitoyer sur, s’

to feel pity for

apitoyer

to make feel sorry

appuyer sur, s’

to lean on

appuyer sur

to press on

appuyer

to support (request)

atermoyer

to procrastinate

broyer du noir

to be in the doldrums

broyer

to grind (stone, pepper)

charroyer

to cart

chatoyer

to sparkle, to shimmer

choyer

to cherish, to pamper

convoyer

to convoy, to escort

corroyer

to curry (leather), to trim (wood)

cotoyer, se

to live side by side

côtoyer

to be next to (person), to be verging on (dishonesty)

coudoyer

to stand side by side

déployer, se

to deploy [troops], to spread out [procession]

déployer

to deploy (troops), to spread (wings)

désennuyer, se

to relieve one’s boredom

désennuyer

to relieve boredom

employer à, s’

to devote o.s. to

employer

to use

ennuyer de, s’

to miss (person)

ennuyer, s’

to be bored

ennuyer

to bore, to worry, to annoy

envoyer

to send

essuyer, s’

to dry o.s.

essuyer

to wipe, to dry, to clean

festoyer

to feast

flamboyer

to blaze [eyes], to gleam [sword]

foudroyer du regard

to glare at

foudroyer

to strike [thunder], to thunderstrike

fourvoyer, se

to lose one’s way, to go astray

fourvoyer

to mislead, to lead astray

guerroyer

to wage war

jointoyer

to point (wall)

larmoyer

to water [eyes], to whimper

louvoyer

to evade the issue, to beat around the bush

nettoyer

to clean

noyer, se

to drown

noyer

to drown (animal), to flood (motor)

octroyer, s’

to grant o.s. (holiday, rest)

octroyer

to grant (permission), to bestow (favor)

ondoyer

to ripple (wheat), to baptize in an emergency

ployer

to bend (back, knees), to give way [knees]

poudroyer

to rise in flurry [snow], to rise in clouds [dust]

réemployer

to use again

rejointoyer

to repoint (wall)

remployer

to use again

renvoyer

to send back (parcel), to dismiss (employee)

rougeoyer

to glow red [sun], to take on a reddish hue

rudoyer

to treat roughly

soudoyer

to bribe

sous-employer

to underuse

tournoyer

to swirl [smoke, leaves], to wheel round [birds]

tutoyer, se

to be on familiar terms

tutoyer qn

to use the familiar « tu » form with sb

verdoyer

to be green, to be verdant

vouvoyer, se

to address each other as « vous »

vouvoyer qn

to use the « vous » form with sb

 

 

 

 

LE VERBE GRASSEYER

Le y du verbe grasseyer (to speak with a strongly marked r) demeure dans toute la conjugaison.

 

grasseyer

grasseye, grasseyes, grasseye, grasseyons, grasseyez, grasseyent

 

grasseyerai, grasseyeras, grasseyera, grasseyerons, grasseyerez, grasseyeront

 

grasseyais, grasseyais, grasseyait, grasseyions, grasseyiez, grasseyaient